The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 on JSTOR 1531 Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Spanish Exploration and Colonization | Encyclopedia.com Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. What Were the Lasting Effects of Spanish Conquest in Latin - Reference Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. 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In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. Age of Discovery - Wikipedia The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. This was centre of the gold trade. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. flashcard sets. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Alejandro Duran - Vice President - Reservoir and Consulting - LinkedIn a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. explored isthmus of panama. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Essay Sample. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. SE. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Bachelor of Fine Arts | BFA Degrees | NYFA Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. Module 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Hogwarts Legacy - steamcommunity.com PDF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 1500 (Adapted from Discovery Education) In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. What were the effects of later Spanish exploration? - Short-Fact Overview. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. 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He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. 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Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Spaniards moved north, too. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade.